{"id":32685,"date":"2024-02-12T15:20:37","date_gmt":"2024-02-12T15:20:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/?p=32685"},"modified":"2024-02-12T15:20:39","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T15:20:39","slug":"imennye-reakczii-v-organicheskoj-himii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/imennye-reakczii-v-organicheskoj-himii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u00ab\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f\u00bb?<\/li><li>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435?<\/li><li>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-103.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32871\" width=\"269\" height=\"270\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-103.png 538w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-103-300x300.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-103-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 269px) 100vw, 269px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432: \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 (\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435<a href=\"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkany\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> \u00ab\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044b\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e 140<sup>\u043e<\/sup>\u0421 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 HNO<sub>3<\/sub>. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e-\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u043e \u043a \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-104-1024x164.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32872\" width=\"768\" height=\"123\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-104-1024x164.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-104-300x48.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-104-768x123.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-104.png 1089w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/aminy-i-aminokisloty\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00ab\u0410\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u00bb<\/a>). \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-105-1024x185.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32873\" width=\"768\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-105-1024x185.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-105-300x54.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-105-768x139.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-105.png 1085w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0443\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438.<em> <\/em>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-106.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32874\" width=\"585\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-106.png 780w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-106-300x207.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-106-768x531.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 585px) 100vw, 585px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f <strong>\u211616 \u0415\u0413\u042d.<br><br>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. <\/strong><em>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-14-1024x60.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32875\" width=\"512\" height=\"30\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-14-1024x60.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-14-300x18.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-14-768x45.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-14-1536x90.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/5-14-2048x120.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\"><em>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 X \u0438 Y.<\/em><br>1) <em>\u0445\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d<\/em><br>2) <em>\u0446\u0438\u043d\u043a<\/em><br>3) <em>\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/em><br>4) <em>1-\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d<\/em><br>5) <em>2-\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d<\/em><br><br><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. <\/strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"64\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/6-9-1-1024x64.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32876\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/6-9-1-1024x64.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/6-9-1-300x19.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/6-9-1-768x48.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/6-9-1-1536x96.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/6-9-1-2048x128.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\">\u041d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0430\u0437\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439) \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044b. \u041d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e-\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0443 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438) \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/7-8-1-1024x126.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32877\" width=\"512\" height=\"63\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/7-8-1-1024x126.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/7-8-1-300x37.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/7-8-1-768x94.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/7-8-1-1536x189.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/7-8-1-2048x252.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\"><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442: <\/strong>35<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"4\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430-\u0424\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/8-9-1024x250.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32878\" width=\"512\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/8-9-1024x250.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/8-9-300x73.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/8-9-768x188.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/8-9-1536x375.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/8-9-2048x500.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u00ab\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f\u00bb?<\/strong><br><br>\u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430.<br><br>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430-\u0424\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430: \u0424\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"5\" id=\"\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f_\u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430_\u043a\u0430\u043a_\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f_\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445_\u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0438\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043c\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 <strong>\u0430\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0430<\/strong> (\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0430) \u0449\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f <strong>\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/9-8-1024x82.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32879\" width=\"768\" height=\"62\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/9-8-1024x82.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/9-8-300x24.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/9-8-768x62.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/9-8-1536x124.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/9-8-2048x165.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 <strong>\u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong>, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>\u0444\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0438\u0440<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/10-6-1-1024x138.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32880\" width=\"768\" height=\"104\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/10-6-1-1024x138.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/10-6-1-300x40.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/10-6-1-768x103.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/10-6-1-1536x207.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/10-6-1-2048x275.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"6\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e-, \u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 3 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043d\u043a \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/11-4-1-1024x228.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32881\" width=\"512\" height=\"114\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/11-4-1-1024x228.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/11-4-1-300x67.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/11-4-1-768x171.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/11-4-1-1536x341.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/11-4-1-2048x455.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435?<\/strong><br><br>\u041d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 (\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438) \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 (\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044e.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"7\"><li><strong>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435-\u0428\u043c\u0438\u0434\u0442\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u0443\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c\u044e, \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434, \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437 (CO<sub>2<\/sub>) \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0449\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-5-1-1024x105.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32882\" width=\"768\" height=\"79\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-5-1-1024x105.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-5-1-300x31.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-5-1-768x79.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-5-1-1536x158.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-5-1-2048x210.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"8\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0414\u044e\u043c\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 (\u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435) \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0449\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13-4-1-1024x220.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32883\" width=\"512\" height=\"110\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13-4-1-1024x220.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13-4-1-300x64.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13-4-1-768x165.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13-4-1-1536x330.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/13-4-1-2048x440.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"9\"><li><strong>&nbsp;\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f-\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0441\u0430 (\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f-\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0441\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432) \u0438 \u0430\u0446\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0421\u041e\u041e\u041d-\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0430) \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, AlCl<sub>3<\/sub>, BF<sub>3<\/sub>, ZnCl<sub>2<\/sub>, FeCl<sub>3<\/sub>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/14-5-791x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32884\" width=\"593\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/14-5-791x1024.png 791w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/14-5-232x300.png 232w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/14-5-768x994.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/14-5-1187x1536.png 1187w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/14-5-1582x2048.png 1582w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438! \u0417\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f <strong>\u211615 \u0415\u0413\u042d.<br><br>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. <\/strong><em>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432: \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0439.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/15-3-1-1024x375.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32885\" width=\"512\" height=\"188\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/15-3-1-1024x375.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/15-3-1-300x110.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/15-3-1-768x281.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/15-3-1-1536x563.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/15-3-1.png 1971w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\"><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.&nbsp;<\/strong><br><strong>\u0410) <\/strong>\u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438, \u0438\u0437 \u0445\u043b\u043e\u0440<strong>\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 <\/strong>\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/16-4-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32886\" width=\"439\" height=\"49\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/16-4-1.png 878w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/16-4-1-300x33.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/16-4-1-768x85.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\"><strong>\u0411) <\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e-\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e<strong> \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/strong> \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>2-\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17-4-1-1024x173.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32887\" width=\"512\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17-4-1-1024x173.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17-4-1-300x51.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17-4-1-768x130.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/17-4-1.png 1110w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\"><strong>\u0412) <\/strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0414\u044e\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 <strong>\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/18-2-1-1024x153.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32888\" width=\"512\" height=\"77\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/18-2-1-1024x153.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/18-2-1-300x45.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/18-2-1-768x115.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/18-2-1.png 1255w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\"><strong>\u0413) <\/strong>\u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b <strong>\u0443\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f,<\/strong> \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/19-3-1-1024x105.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32889\" width=\"512\" height=\"53\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/19-3-1-1024x105.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/19-3-1-300x31.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/19-3-1-768x78.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/19-3-1-1536x157.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/19-3-1.png 1841w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\"><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442: <\/strong>3536<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-108.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32891\" width=\"278\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-108.png 371w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-108-206x300.png 206w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 278px) 100vw, 278px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"10\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e 400\u2103 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432. \u0410 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/areny-benzol-kak-predstavitel-aromaticheskih-uglevodorodov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00ab\u0410\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b. \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u00bb<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-109.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32892\" width=\"412\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-109.png 823w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-109-300x143.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-109-768x366.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"11\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d. \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u2014 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-110-1024x363.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32893\" width=\"512\" height=\"182\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-110-1024x363.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-110-300x106.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-110-768x272.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-110.png 1088w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"12\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 Hg<sup>2+<\/sup>. \u0412\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e <strong>\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong>. \u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c <strong>\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043b<\/strong> \u2014 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 <strong>\u043d\u0435\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435<\/strong> \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 <strong>\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>. \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/strong>, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-6-1-1024x216.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32894\" width=\"768\" height=\"162\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-6-1-1024x216.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-6-1-300x63.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-6-1-768x162.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-6-1-1536x324.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/12-6-1-2048x433.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438?<\/strong><br><br>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435. \u0418 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0442\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"13\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 (\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430) \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b) \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043d-1,3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-111-1024x118.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32895\" width=\"768\" height=\"89\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-111-1024x118.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-111-300x34.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-111-768x88.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-111.png 1089w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"14\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 (\u0433\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-112-1024x115.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32896\" width=\"768\" height=\"86\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-112-1024x115.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-112-300x34.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-112-768x86.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-112.png 1086w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"15\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430-\u0423\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c\u0430-\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 (\u041a\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431)<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b.<\/li><li>\u041a\u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0446\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0430.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-113.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32897\" width=\"450\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-113.png 600w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/image-113-300x268.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044e <a href=\"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/ionnyj-pravilo-v-v-markovnikova-i-radikalnyj-mehanizmy-reakczij-v-organicheskoj-himii\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00ab\u0418\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 (\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0412.\u0412. \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430) \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438\u00bb<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u2014<\/strong> \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0437 <\/strong>\u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e-\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u041e\u0412\u0420), \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0447\u0435\u043a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432.<\/li><li>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430, \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430-\u0424\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0438 \u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u044e\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435.<\/li><li>\u0411\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0417\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430-\u0424\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430, \u0424\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f-\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430-\u0423\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c\u0430-\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u0411\u0435\u043d\u0437\u043e\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e.<\/li><li>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0417\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e-\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u041a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0412\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u0410\u043b\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 1.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438 ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430<\/li><li>\u0413\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/li><li>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435<\/li><li>\u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430-\u0424\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 2.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0412\u044e\u0440\u0446\u0430-\u0424\u0438\u0442\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430<\/li><li>\u041a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435<\/li><li>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/li><li>\u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 3.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0415\u043d\u043e\u043b<\/li><li>\u0410\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434<\/li><li>\u041a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043d<\/li><li>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 4.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0412\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0430?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043b-1,2<\/li><li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043b-1<\/li><li>\u042d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/li><li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b: 1.<\/strong> \u2014 2; <strong>2.<\/strong> \u2014 2; <strong>3.<\/strong> \u2014 4; <strong>4.<\/strong> \u2014 1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u00ab\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f\u00bb? \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435? \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438? \u0412\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430, \u0432\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043b\u044e\u0434\u044f\u043c, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":32971,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[1437],"class_list":["post-32685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-himiya","tag-organicheskaya-himiya"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0438 - \u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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