{"id":13656,"date":"2022-11-19T13:49:06","date_gmt":"2022-11-19T13:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/?p=13656"},"modified":"2026-04-27T10:22:36","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T10:22:36","slug":"russkaya-kultura-xix-veka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/istoriya\/russkaya-kultura-xix-veka\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u00bb \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445: \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442. \u0411\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435.<\/strong> \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 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\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e<\/strong> <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430. <\/strong>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440 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\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: <strong>\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438.<\/strong> \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041a \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044f\u043d\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u041d. \u0411\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044f\u0435\u0432, \u0412. \u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432, \u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u041f. \u0427\u0430\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0432, \u041a. \u041a\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043d, \u0412. \u0411\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b_19_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c <strong>\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/strong> \u0438 <strong>\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0443\u0437\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e <strong>\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/strong>. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0415\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u0440\u044c\u0431\u0435 \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043c.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0416\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0412. \u0410. <\/strong>\u2014 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b \u00ab\u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u00bb, \u00ab\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430\u00bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u044b\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u041a. \u0424.<\/strong> \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u044b \u00ab\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u00ab\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u044e\u0445\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0435\u043a\u0435\u0440 \u0412. \u041a. <\/strong>\u2014 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u00ab\u0418\u0436\u043e\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439\u00bb, \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0434\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0412. \u0424. <\/strong>\u2014 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u00bb, \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0447\u044c\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 <strong>\u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a <strong>\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 <\/strong>\u0438<strong> <\/strong>\u0435\u0433\u043e <strong>\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"909\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-6-1024x909.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17466\" style=\"width:256px;height:227px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-6-1024x909.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-6-300x266.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-6-768x682.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-6-1536x1364.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1-6.png 1958w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d \u0410. \u0421. \u2014<\/strong> \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u041f\u0443\u0433\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b\u00bb; \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb, \u00ab\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u00bb, \u00ab\u041c\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb, \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u00bb, \u00ab\u0410\u0440\u0430\u043f \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041b\u0435\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/strong> <strong>\u041c. \u042e. <\/strong>\u2014 \u00ab\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u00bb, \u00ab\u041c\u0446\u044b\u0440\u0438\u00bb, \u00ab\u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u00bb, \u00ab\u0411\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u00bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0413\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c \u041d. \u0412. \u2014 <\/strong>\u00ab\u0422\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441 \u0411\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0431\u0430\u00bb, \u00ab\u041c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0438\u00bb, \u00ab\u0420\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u00bb, \u00ab\u0412\u0438\u0439\u00bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0413\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/strong> <strong>\u0410. \u0421. \u2014 <\/strong>\u00ab\u0413\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0423\u043c\u0430\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b_19_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><strong>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fccac8\"><strong>\u0410\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0440<\/strong> \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432\u043e \u0424\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041d\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043e\u043d\u0430 I \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435. \u0415\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u041a. \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438, \u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 1828 \u0433.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"955\" height=\"717\" data-id=\"17469\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133103.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17469\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133103.jpg 955w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133103-300x225.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133103-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 955px) 100vw, 955px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"736\" data-id=\"17468\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-5-1024x736.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17468\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-5-1024x736.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-5-300x216.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-5-768x552.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-5-1536x1104.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/2-5-2048x1472.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440 (\u0421\u041f\u0431) \u2014 1801\u20141811 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043d \u0410. \u041d.<strong> <\/strong>(\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439).\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u2014 \u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0440.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043a 1811 \u0433. \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0411\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b 1812 \u0433. \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043e\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0443\u0442\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041c. \u0418. \u2014 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0446\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412 1930-\u0445 \u0433\u0433. \u2014 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"531\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248-1024x531.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17471\" style=\"width:512px;height:266px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248-1024x531.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248-300x156.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248-768x398.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248.jpg 1363w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0411\u0438\u0440\u0436\u0438 (\u0421\u041f\u0431) \u2014 1805\u20141816 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0435 \u0422\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c (\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435).\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-2 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"679\" data-id=\"17472\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133302-1024x679.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17472\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133302-1024x679.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133302-300x199.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133302-768x509.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133302.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"602\" data-id=\"17473\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133322-1024x602.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17473\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133322-1024x602.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133322-300x176.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133322-768x451.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133322.jpg 1212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1591\" height=\"716\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133423.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17474\" style=\"width:398px;height:179px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133423.jpg 1591w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133423-300x135.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133423-1024x461.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133423-768x346.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133423-1536x691.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1591px) 100vw, 1591px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446 (\u0421\u041f\u0431) \u2014 1819\u20141825 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438 \u041a. \u0418.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430 (\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 I).\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 III.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"948\" height=\"713\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133437.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17475\" style=\"width:266px;height:200px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133437.jpg 948w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133437-300x226.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133437-768x578.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 948px) 100vw, 948px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0423\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0417\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438 \u2014 1816\u20141827 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438 \u041a. \u0418.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0423\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c\u044e \u041b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0428\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"955\" height=\"717\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133501.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17478\" style=\"width:287px;height:215px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133501.jpg 955w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133501-300x225.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133501-768x577.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 955px) 100vw, 955px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431 (\u0421\u041f\u0431) \u2014 1819\u20141828 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 <strong>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438 \u041a. \u0418.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412 XIX \u0432. \u0432 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431, \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b, \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0422\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"957\" height=\"710\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133521.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17485\" style=\"width:239px;height:178px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133521.jpg 957w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133521-300x223.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133521-768x570.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 957px) 100vw, 957px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0421\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u2014 1829\u20141834 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<strong> \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438 \u041a. \u0418.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0420\u0424 \u0438 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0411. \u0415\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"717\" height=\"715\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142550.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17488\" style=\"width:223px;height:223px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142550.jpg 717w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142550-300x300.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142550-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 717px) 100vw, 717px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0422\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430 (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430) \u2014 1829\u20141834 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0411\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u041e. \u0418.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1812 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \u0422\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044b.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0443\u0442\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0436 (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430) \u2014 1817 \u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0411\u043e\u0432\u0435<strong> <\/strong>\u041e. \u0418.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u044b.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u041c\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0436 \u2014 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142624-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17489\" style=\"width:389px;height:260px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142624-1024x682.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142624-300x200.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142624-768x512.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142624.jpg 1063w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:38% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142701-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17490 size-medium\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u043e\u0442 \u0432 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0434\u0443 (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430) \u2014 1821 \u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0411\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u041e. \u0418.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c <strong>\u0441 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c\u044e.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"770\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142732-1024x770.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17491\" style=\"width:256px;height:193px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142732-1024x770.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142732-300x226.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142732-768x577.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142732.jpg 1100w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u043c\u044b (\u0421\u041f\u0431) \u2014 1817\u20141821 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0412. \u041f.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446 \u0415\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f <strong>\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/strong>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"947\" height=\"717\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142755.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17492\" style=\"width:237px;height:179px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142755.jpg 947w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142755-300x227.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142755-768x581.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430 (\u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433) \u2014 1838 \u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<strong> \u2014 <\/strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0412. \u041f.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u043a \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1826\u20141828 \u0433\u0433., \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1828\u20141829 \u0433\u0433. \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 1830\u20141831 \u0433\u0433.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043b (\u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433) \u2014 1847 \u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0422\u043e\u043d \u041a.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043b \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"573\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142810-1024x573.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17493\" style=\"width:512px;height:287px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142810-1024x573.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142810-300x168.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142810-768x430.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-142810.jpg 1280w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0421\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u041f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u041c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0432 1818 \u0433.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"472\" height=\"712\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143550.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17510\" style=\"width:236px;height:356px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143550.jpg 472w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143550-199x300.jpg 199w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0410\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 <strong>\u041a\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0442<\/strong> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0439. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0432 1841 \u0433.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery aligncenter has-nested-images columns-2 is-cropped wp-block-gallery-3 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1017\" height=\"710\" data-id=\"17511\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143603.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17511\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143603.jpg 1017w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143603-300x209.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143603-768x536.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1017px) 100vw, 1017px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"716\" data-id=\"17512\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143614.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17512\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143614.jpg 716w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143614-300x300.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143614-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-4 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"713\" height=\"715\" data-id=\"17523\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143625-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17523\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143625-1.jpg 713w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143625-1-300x300.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143625-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"796\" height=\"720\" data-id=\"17524\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143644-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17524\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143644-1.jpg 796w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143644-1-300x271.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143644-1-768x695.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0414\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0417\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0433. \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 <strong>\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430\u043d<\/strong> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u043b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0448\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440 \u0432 1834 \u0433.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"470\" height=\"712\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143954.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17517\" style=\"width:235px;height:356px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143954.jpg 470w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-143954-198x300.jpg 198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 470px) 100vw, 470px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435_\u0438_\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430_\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b_19_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430_19-\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\">\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. \u0423\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041d. \u0418. \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0435\u0432\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0427\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432 \u041f. \u041b. \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0411\u0443\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u041c. \u2014 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a, \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u00ab\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439\u00bb \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0417\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d \u041d. \u041d. \u2014 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a-\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b \u00ab\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0417\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1584\" height=\"1331\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3-5.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17526\" style=\"width:321px;height:270px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3-5.png 1584w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3-5-300x252.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3-5-1024x860.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3-5-768x645.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/3-5-1536x1291.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1584px) 100vw, 1584px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0418. \u2014 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0445\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0437 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0412. \u0412. \u2014 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a-\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u042f\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0438 \u0411. \u0421. \u2014 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0410\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0432\u0435 \u0412. \u042f. \u2014 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u041f\u0443\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435-\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1397\" height=\"963\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-144321.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17527\" style=\"width:349px;height:241px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-144321.jpg 1397w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-144321-300x207.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-144321-1024x706.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-144321-768x529.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1397px) 100vw, 1397px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2014 <\/strong>\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0448\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d \u0438 \u041b\u0438\u0441\u044f\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 (1803\u20141806 \u0433\u0433.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 <strong>\u0410\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0434\u044b<\/strong> \u0411\u0435\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0433\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u041b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0432 1820 \u0433.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0437\u0438\u043d \u041d. \u041c. \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0421. \u041c. \u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u00bb, \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b: \u00ab\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0443\u0441\u044c\u00bb, \u00ab\u041a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0443\u0441\u044c\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00a0\u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0412. \u0418. \u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0422\u043e\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b 53 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c_\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b_19_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><strong>\u0416\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 19 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0437\u043c \u2014 <\/strong>\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0433\u0430\u0440\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0443, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c \u2014 <\/strong>\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438-\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c \u2014 <\/strong>\u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0440\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0430:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0441\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 (1832 \u0433.)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u2014 \u0411\u0440\u044e\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u041a. \u041f. \u041e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043e\u043c.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439. \u0415\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043a\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435, \u0433. \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-153935-212x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17546 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-153935-212x300.jpg 212w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-153935.jpg 557w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:45% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"210\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-153951-300x210.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17550 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-153951-300x210.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-153951-1024x716.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-153951-768x537.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-153951.jpg 1127w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u041f\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0438 (1833 \u0433.)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u2014 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0437\u043c.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u2014 \u0411\u0440\u044e\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u041a. \u041f.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0413\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u0433. \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044b \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430 (1827 \u0433.)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0410.\u0421. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c, \u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 1827 \u0433. \u0418 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d, \u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u041a\u0438\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u041e. \u0410. \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0422\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0412. \u0410. \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-5 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" data-id=\"17560\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5-3-1024x767.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17560\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5-3-1024x767.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5-3-300x225.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5-3-768x575.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5-3-1536x1150.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/5-3.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"767\" data-id=\"17561\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6-5-1024x767.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17561\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6-5-1024x767.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6-5-300x225.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6-5-768x575.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6-5-1536x1150.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/6-5.png 1600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 19 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-6 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"712\" data-id=\"17564\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155541-1024x712.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17564\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155541-1024x712.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155541-300x209.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155541-768x534.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155541.jpg 1175w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u042f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443 (\u0410. \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"793\" data-id=\"17562\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155523-1024x793.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17562\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155523-1024x793.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155523-300x232.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155523-768x594.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155523.jpg 1137w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0421\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0440\u0430 (\u041f. \u0424\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-7 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"746\" data-id=\"17563\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155616-1024x746.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17563\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155616-1024x746.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155616-300x219.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155616-768x560.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155616.jpg 1190w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0413\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e (\u0410. \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"744\" data-id=\"17565\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155640-1024x744.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17565\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155640-1024x744.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155640-300x218.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155640-768x558.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155640.jpg 1227w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435. \u0412\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430 (\u0410. \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-8 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"758\" data-id=\"17566\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155657-1024x758.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17566\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155657-1024x758.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155657-300x222.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155657-768x568.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155657.jpg 1212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0421\u043f\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0448\u043e\u043a (\u0410. \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432)\u00a0<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"687\" data-id=\"17567\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155715-1024x687.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17567\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155715-1024x687.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155715-300x201.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155715-768x515.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155715.jpg 1335w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0414\u0435\u0432\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u043b (\u0418. \u0410\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"826\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155735-1024x826.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17568\" style=\"width:256px;height:207px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155735-1024x826.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155735-300x242.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155735-768x620.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-155735.jpg 1081w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u0412\u0438\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0443 \u0441 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0440 (\u0418. \u0410\u0439\u0432\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439)<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u041c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0410. \u0410\u043b\u044f\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432<\/strong> \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044f\u043b \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u044b \u2014 \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0439\u00bb, \u00ab\u042f \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u00bb \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041c. \u0413\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u2014 <\/strong>\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e-\u044d\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u041a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u041c\u0438\u0445\u0430\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0413\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u00ab\u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u0446\u0430\u0440\u044f\u00bb, \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u00ab\u0420\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u041b\u044e\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043b\u0430\u00bb \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0410. \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0436\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> \u2014 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b \u0434\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b \u043e\u043d \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430. \u0414\u0430\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0436\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430-\u0434\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u00ab\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u00bb, \u00ab\u0422\u0438\u0442\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb \u0438 \u0434\u0440.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041c. \u041c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u2014 <\/strong>\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u00ab\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0438\u00bb. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440 \u2014 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u00ab\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0413\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 40%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1824 \u0433. \u2014 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044c \u0432 <strong>\u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0435<\/strong> \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1832 \u0433. \u2014 <strong>\u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440<\/strong> \u0432 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 (\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b \u041c\u043e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0429\u0435\u043f\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0432). \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e 19 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"177\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160045-300x177.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17570 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160045-300x177.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160045-1024x605.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160045-768x454.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160045.jpg 1510w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438_\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b_19-\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><strong id=\"\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b_19_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\">\u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 1850\u20141894 \u0433\u0433.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430_1894-1917_\u0433\u0433\"><strong><span id=\"\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_19_\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><\/span>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_19-\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0432\"><span id=\"\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_19-\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><\/span>\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u043d\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 19 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0416\u0430\u043d\u0440\u044b<\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/strong>: \u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u041b. \u041d. \u2014 \u00ab\u0412\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u00bb, \u00ab\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb; \u0422\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432 \u0418. \u0421. \u2014 \u00ab\u041e\u0442\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438\u00bb; \u041b\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041d. \u0421. \u2014 \u00ab\u041b\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0430\u00bb; \u0413\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0418. \u0410. \u2014 \u00ab\u041e\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432\u00bb; \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0424. \u041c. \u2014 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0410. \u041d. \u2014 \u00ab\u0413\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u00bb; \u0427\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u041f. \u2014 \u00ab\u0412\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0434\u00bb, \u00ab\u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u0444\u0443\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0435\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430<\/strong>: \u0421\u0430\u043b\u0442\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432-\u0429\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d \u041c. \u0415. \u2014 \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u00bb.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c \u041d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u041d. \u0410., \u043b\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0422\u044e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0424. \u0418. \u0438 \u0424\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0410. \u0410.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0432 19 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 <strong>\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"521\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/7-6-1024x521.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17577\" style=\"width:512px;height:261px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/7-6-1024x521.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/7-6-300x153.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/7-6-768x391.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/7-6-1536x781.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/7-6-2048x1042.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0430\u00bb \u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u00bb, \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0411\u0443\u043b\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0424. \u0412.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041b\u0438\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <\/strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u00ab\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u0422\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u00bb, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0424. \u0422\u044e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0430, \u041c. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0430.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 <\/strong>\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u00ab\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u00bb, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0410. \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u00ab\u041e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u041d. \u041d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430. \u0412 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u041d. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u041c. \u0415. \u0421\u0430\u043b\u0442\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432-\u0429\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_19-\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><span id=\"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b_19_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430_\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><\/span><strong>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_19-\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0435. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fccac8\"><strong>\u042d\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong> \u2014 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432 1830\u20141850 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#fccac8\"><strong>\u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c<\/strong> \u2014 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b XIX \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e XX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"672\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160544-1024x672.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17578\" style=\"width:256px;height:168px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160544-1024x672.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160544-300x197.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160544-768x504.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160544.jpg 1196w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440 (\u0421\u041f\u0431) \u2014 1818\u20141858 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0414\u043e\u043b\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 I.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430\u043d \u041e.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u2014 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0437\u043c + \u044d\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"866\" height=\"786\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160600.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17579\" style=\"width:217px;height:197px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160600.jpg 866w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160600-300x272.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160600-768x697.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0425\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430) \u2014 1837\u20141860 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0432\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044b.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0422\u043e\u043d \u041a.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0414\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0430 \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u2014 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043c (\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043d) \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"765\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742-1024x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17582\" style=\"width:256px;height:191px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742-1024x765.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742-300x224.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742-768x574.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742.jpg 1053w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446 (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430) \u2014 1838\u20141849 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0422\u043e\u043d \u041a.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0420\u0424.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0417\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u044f.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"786\" height=\"845\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160755.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17583\" style=\"width:197px;height:211px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160755.jpg 786w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160755-279x300.jpg 279w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160755-768x826.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 786px) 100vw, 786px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439 (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430) \u2014 1875\u20141883 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0414\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0417\u0435\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421 1755 \u0433. \u0432 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u2014 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0428\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u0434 \u0412.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u041a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430) \u2014 1890\u20141892 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u0427\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0414.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161337-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17585 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161337-300x200.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161337-1024x682.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161337-768x512.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161337.jpg 1183w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:30% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"243\" height=\"300\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161350-243x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17588 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161350-243x300.jpg 243w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161350.jpg 527w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 243px) 100vw, 243px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0421\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0438 (\u0421\u041f\u0431) \u2014 1883\u20141907 \u0433\u0433.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u041f\u0430\u0440\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0410.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439 1 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 1881 \u0433. \u2014 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0410\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0430 II.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0413\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 39%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u0413\u0423\u041c (\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u044b, \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430) \u2014 1889\u20141893 \u0433\u0433.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0410.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 1893 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161436-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17593 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161436-300x200.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161436-1024x682.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161436-768x511.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161436.jpg 1182w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:41% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161525-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17594 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161525-300x200.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161525-1024x684.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161525-768x513.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161525.jpg 1183w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u044e I (\u0421\u041f\u0431)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0418\u0441\u0430\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0440\u0430\u043d \u041e. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u041a\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0443.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 34%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0433\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u043c \u041f\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 <strong>\u0428\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u0434 \u0412.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u041f\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e-\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u0446\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0435 1877\u20141878 \u0433\u0433.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"241\" height=\"300\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161545-241x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17601 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161545-241x300.jpg 241w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161545.jpg 596w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 241px) 100vw, 241px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:32% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"276\" height=\"300\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161607-276x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17605 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161607-276x300.jpg 276w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161607.jpg 717w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 276px) 100vw, 276px\" \/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 (\u0412\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041d\u043e\u0432\u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u041c\u0438\u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043d \u041c.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432 1862 \u0433.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: <strong>\u0420\u044e\u0440\u0438\u043a, \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0440 \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447, \u0414\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0414\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u041d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0411\u044b\u043b \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide has-media-on-the-right is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:auto 27%\"><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0443 (\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430)&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u2014 \u041e\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0448\u0438\u043d \u0410.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432 1880 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0418\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0426\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u044f.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"201\" height=\"300\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161646-201x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17606 size-medium\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161646-201x300.jpg 201w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-161646.jpg 526w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 201px) 100vw, 201px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c_19-\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><strong><span id=\"\u0416\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c_\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b_19_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430_\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><\/span>\u0416\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c_19-\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\">\u0418\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0443. \u0412 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a <strong>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\"><strong>\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c?<\/strong><br><br><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u2014 <\/strong>\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.&nbsp;<br><br>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 <strong>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u041c\u044f\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0413\u0435 \u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/strong> \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0434\u043e\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 1863 \u0433., \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 1870 \u0433.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a <strong>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0418. \u041d.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-9 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"987\" data-id=\"17608\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/8-5-1024x987.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17608\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/8-5-1024x987.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/8-5-300x289.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/8-5-768x740.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/8-5-1536x1480.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/8-5.png 1619w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"816\" data-id=\"17609\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162655-1024x816.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17609\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162655-1024x816.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162655-300x239.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162655-768x612.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162655.jpg 1208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a <strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0412. \u0413.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-10 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"820\" data-id=\"17611\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162811-1024x820.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17611\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162811-1024x820.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162811-300x240.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162811-768x615.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162811.jpg 1207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1002\" height=\"967\" data-id=\"17612\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162824.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17612\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162824.jpg 1002w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162824-300x290.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162824-768x741.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1002px) 100vw, 1002px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a<strong> \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0438\u043d \u0418. \u0415.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-11 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"818\" data-id=\"17610\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/13-4-1024x818.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17610\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/13-4-1024x818.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/13-4-300x240.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/13-4-768x614.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/13-4-1536x1228.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/13-4.png 1619w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"820\" data-id=\"17613\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162858-1024x820.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17613\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162858-1024x820.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162858-300x240.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162858-768x615.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162858.jpg 1208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" data-id=\"17614\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162914-1024x817.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17614\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162914-1024x817.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162914-300x239.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162914-768x613.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-162914.jpg 1207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a <strong>\u0421\u0443\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong> <strong>\u0412. \u0418.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default wp-block-gallery-12 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"823\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"17618\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/17-3-823x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17618\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/17-3-823x1024.png 823w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/17-3-241x300.png 241w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/17-3-768x956.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/17-3.png 1040w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 823px) 100vw, 823px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" data-id=\"17619\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163335-1024x817.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17619\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163335-1024x817.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163335-300x239.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163335-768x612.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163335.jpg 1210w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"818\" data-id=\"17620\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163350-1024x818.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17620\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163350-1024x818.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163350-300x240.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163350-768x614.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163350.jpg 1208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"468\" height=\"966\" data-id=\"17621\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163505.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17621\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163505.jpg 468w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163505-145x300.jpg 145w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 468px) 100vw, 468px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"821\" data-id=\"17623\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163541-1024x821.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17623\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163541-1024x821.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163541-300x240.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163541-768x616.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163541.jpg 1205w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"815\" data-id=\"17624\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163941-1024x815.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17624\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163941-1024x815.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163941-300x239.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163941-768x611.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163941.jpg 1087w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a <strong>\u041c\u044f\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/strong> <strong>\u0413. \u0413.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-13 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"818\" data-id=\"17625\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164111-1024x818.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17625\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164111-1024x818.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164111-300x240.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164111-768x613.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164111.jpg 1207w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"814\" data-id=\"17626\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164124-1024x814.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17626\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164124-1024x814.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164124-300x239.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164124-768x611.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164124.jpg 1211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a <strong>\u0413\u0435<\/strong> <strong>\u041d. \u041d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1127\" height=\"965\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164139.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17627\" style=\"width:282px;height:241px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164139.jpg 1127w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164139-300x257.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164139-1024x877.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164139-768x658.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1127px) 100vw, 1127px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a <strong>\u0412\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0446\u043e\u0432<\/strong> <strong>\u0412. \u041c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default wp-block-gallery-14 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"823\" height=\"1024\" data-id=\"17615\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/26-823x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17615\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/26-823x1024.png 823w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/26-241x300.png 241w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/26-768x956.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/26.png 1040w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 823px) 100vw, 823px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"814\" data-id=\"17616\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163105-1024x814.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17616\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163105-1024x814.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163105-300x239.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163105-768x611.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163105.jpg 1211w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"817\" data-id=\"17617\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163123-1024x817.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17617\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163123-1024x817.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163123-300x239.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163123-768x613.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-163123.jpg 1212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a <strong>\u0428\u0438\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d<\/strong> <strong>\u0418. \u0418.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1207\" height=\"966\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164307.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17629\" style=\"width:302px;height:242px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164307.jpg 1207w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164307-300x240.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164307-1024x820.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164307-768x615.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1207px) 100vw, 1207px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a <strong>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d \u0412. \u0412.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-15 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"815\" data-id=\"17630\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164319-1024x815.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17630\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164319-1024x815.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164319-300x239.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164319-768x611.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164319.jpg 1212w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"815\" data-id=\"17631\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164332-1024x815.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17631\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164332-1024x815.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164332-300x239.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164332-768x612.jpg 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-164332.jpg 1208w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0439?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430 <\/strong>\u2014 <strong>\u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435?<\/strong><br><br>\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u041a\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0411\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043e\u043a \u2014 \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0421\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0442-\u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1860 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: <strong>\u0411\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d<\/strong> \u2014 \u00ab\u041a\u043d\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0418\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044c\u00bb, <strong>\u0420\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439-\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong> \u2014 \u00ab\u0421\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u00bb, <strong>\u041c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> \u2014 \u00ab\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 \u0413\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432\u00bb, \u00ab\u0425\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb.\u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>1862 \u0433. \u2014 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 (\u00ab\u0415\u0432\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u041e\u043d\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043d\u00bb, \u00ab\u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u00bb, \u00ab\u0429\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043a\u00bb).\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>1866 \u0433. \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c <strong>\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f <\/strong>\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" id=\"\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430_19_\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><strong><span id=\"\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435_\u0438_\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430_\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b_19_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430_\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430_20_\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430\"><\/span>\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"532\" height=\"600\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/30.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17632\" style=\"width:266px;height:300px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/30.png 532w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/30-266x300.png 266w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 532px) 100vw, 532px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041b\u0435\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432 \u041f. \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0427\u0435\u0431\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0432 \u041f. \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041b\u044f\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0421. \u2014 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0411\u0443\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432 \u0414. \u2014\u00a0 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430:<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0418. \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0430\u0432\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0418. \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0438 \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041c\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0418. \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0413\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u044f<\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432-\u0422\u044f\u043d-\u0428\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041f. \u2014 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0436\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u041d. \u2014 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041b\u043e\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0438\u043d \u0410. \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u042f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u041f. \u2014 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c:<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0410. \u2014 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432 \u0421. \u2014 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u00ab\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u00bb.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/strong> \u2014<strong> <\/strong>\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0420\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/strong> \u2014 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/strong> \u2014 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435 19 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0447\u0435\u043a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u2014 <strong>\u0417\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043a.<\/strong> \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u041f\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438\u043d, \u0413\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u041f\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0433.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0435 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d. \u0415\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435 <strong>\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0440<\/strong>. \u041d\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0430 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0449\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0432\u0440\u044b \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b.<strong> \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 <\/strong>\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d, <strong>\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/strong> \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 <strong>\u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 1.<\/strong><br>\u041b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u043f\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 2.<\/strong><br>\u041a\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1363\" height=\"707\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17635\" style=\"width:341px;height:177px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248-1.jpg 1363w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248-1-300x156.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248-1-1024x531.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-17-133248-1-768x398.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1363px) 100vw, 1363px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0418. \u041f.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0445\u0438\u043d \u0410. \u041d.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438 \u041a. \u0418.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 3.<\/strong><br>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1053\" height=\"787\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-17637\" style=\"width:263px;height:197px\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742-1.jpg 1053w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742-1-300x224.jpg 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742-1-1024x765.jpg 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/snimok-ekrana-2022-11-19-160742-1-768x574.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1053px) 100vw, 1053px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u041a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0446<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041c\u0430\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0422\u0435\u0430\u0442\u0440<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0417\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 4.<\/strong><br>\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041e\u0442\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0438\u00bb?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0422\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432 \u0418. \u0421.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041e\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0418. \u0418.\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u041b. \u041d.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/strong>: <strong>1. \u2014 <\/strong>1; <strong>2. \u2014 <\/strong>2; <strong>3. \u2014 <\/strong>1; <strong>4. \u2014 <\/strong>1.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435&nbsp; XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d \u00ab\u0437\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u00bb \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0445: \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434. \u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.\u00a0 \u041a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13657,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[69,874],"class_list":["post-13656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-istoriya","tag-istoriya","tag-russkaya-kultura-xix-veka"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 - \u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 XIX \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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