{"id":11247,"date":"2022-12-28T15:09:20","date_gmt":"2022-12-28T15:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/?p=11247"},"modified":"2023-01-25T17:00:33","modified_gmt":"2023-01-25T17:00:33","slug":"alkeny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u041b\u0430\u0439\u0444\u0445\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432?<\/li><li>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f_\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430_\u0438_\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\"><span id=\"\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b_\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f_\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_\u0438_\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b_\u0438_\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435_\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b\"><\/span>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 <strong>C<\/strong><strong><sub>n<\/sub><\/strong><strong>H<\/strong><strong><sub>2n<\/sub><\/strong>. \u0418\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0435, \u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043b\u0430\u0439\u0444\u0445\u0430\u043a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435_\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\"><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0445\u043e\u043c:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-42-1024x487.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11248\" width=\"512\" height=\"244\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-42-1024x487.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-42-300x143.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-42-768x365.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-42-1536x731.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/1-42-2048x975.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li id=\"\u0442\u0438\u043f_\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438_\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432_\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430_\u0432_\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0445_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\">\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 C=\u0421: sp<sup>2<\/sup>;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438: \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u03c3 + \u03c0) \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u03c3);&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b (\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0421=\u0421): \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b: 120\u00b0;&nbsp;<\/li><li>\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438: 0,134 \u043d\u043c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 C<sub>2<\/sub>H<sub>4<\/sub> \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u03c3- (\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 H \u0438 C) \u0438 \u03c0-\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c\u044e (\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 C).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u2014<em> \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d \u2014<\/em> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f CH<sub>3<\/sub> \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044d\u0434\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u041b\u0430\u0439\u0444\u0445\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432?<\/strong><br><br>\u042d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d.<br><br>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u044f\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-39-1024x574.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11249\" width=\"512\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-39-1024x574.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-39-300x168.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-39-768x431.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-39-1536x862.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/2-39-2048x1149.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 <strong>C<\/strong><strong><sub>n<\/sub><\/strong><strong>H<\/strong><strong><sub>2n<\/sub><\/strong>. \u0413\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-40-1024x428.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11250\" width=\"512\" height=\"214\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-40-1024x428.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-40-300x125.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-40-768x321.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-40-1536x642.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/3-40-2048x857.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure id=\"\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\" class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u044b \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0443:<\/strong><br><br>1. \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c (= \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u044c).<br>2. \u041d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c.<br>3. \u041d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0435: \u00ab\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f + \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f + \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438 + -\u0415\u041d- + \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 (\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0421 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f)\u00bb.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-38-1-1024x514.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11251\" width=\"512\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-38-1-1024x514.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-38-1-300x150.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-38-1-768x385.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/4-38-1.png 1340w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435_\u0438_\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435_\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\"><span id=\"\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435_\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435_\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\"><\/span>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0438\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445 (C<sub>6<\/sub>H<sub>6<\/sub>, CCl<sub>4<\/sub>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-36-1024x316.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11252\" width=\"512\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-36-1024x316.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-36-300x93.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-36-768x237.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-36-1536x474.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/5-36-2048x632.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435_\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432_\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438_\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f_\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438_\u0438_\u0434\u0440\">\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0443 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u03c0-\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u0430\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043e\u043c \u03c0-\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438. \u041d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0413\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0413\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<strong> <\/strong>\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-36-1024x526.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11253\" width=\"512\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-36-1024x526.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-36-300x154.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-36-768x394.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-36-1536x788.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/6-36-2048x1051.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u0443\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0443, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440 <\/em><strong><em>\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/em><\/strong><em>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <\/em><strong><em>\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 <\/em><\/strong><em>\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-33-1024x192.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11255\" width=\"512\" height=\"96\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-33-1024x192.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-33-300x56.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-33-768x144.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-33-1536x288.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/7-33-2048x384.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/voskliczatelnyj-znak-683x1024.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11256\" width=\"106\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/voskliczatelnyj-znak-683x1024.png 683w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/voskliczatelnyj-znak-200x300.png 200w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/voskliczatelnyj-znak-768x1152.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/voskliczatelnyj-znak.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 106px) 100vw, 106px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430: \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043d\u0435 \u0443 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c\u044e). \u042d\u0442\u043e <\/em><strong><em>\u00ab\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435\u00bb \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/em><\/strong><em>: \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443 sp\u00b3-\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044f\u0445 <\/em><strong><em>\u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443<\/em><\/strong><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8-31-1024x183.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11257\" width=\"512\" height=\"92\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8-31-1024x183.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8-31-300x54.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8-31-768x138.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8-31-1536x275.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/8-31-2048x367.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0432-\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u2014 <em>\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/9-24-1024x465.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11258\" width=\"512\" height=\"233\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/9-24-1024x465.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/9-24-300x136.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/9-24-768x348.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/9-24-1536x697.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/9-24-2048x929.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d.<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-20-1024x185.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11259\" width=\"512\" height=\"93\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-20-1024x185.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-20-300x54.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-20-768x138.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-20-1536x277.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/10-20.png 1776w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430:<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a <strong>\u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 (\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 H)<\/strong> \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/11-13-1-1024x203.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11260\" width=\"512\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/11-13-1-1024x203.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/11-13-1-300x60.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/11-13-1-768x153.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/11-13-1-1536x305.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/11-13-1-2048x407.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 OH-\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430, \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/12-9-1-1024x496.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11263\" width=\"512\" height=\"248\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/12-9-1-1024x496.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/12-9-1-300x145.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/12-9-1-768x372.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/12-9-1-1536x743.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/12-9-1-2048x991.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f <\/strong>\u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/13-9-1-1024x777.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11264\" width=\"512\" height=\"389\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/13-9-1-1024x777.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/13-9-1-300x228.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/13-9-1-768x583.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/13-9-1-1536x1165.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/13-9-1-2048x1554.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. <em>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0443\u043a, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0436\u0430, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0439.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <strong>\u0442\u0435\u0444\u043b\u043e\u043d. <\/strong>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u041f\u0422\u0424\u042d)<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">nCF<sub>2<\/sub> = CF<sub>2<\/sub> \u2192 (\u2013CF\u2082 \u2013CF\u2082 \u2013)n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c?<\/strong><br><br>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u0432 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435 1938 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 27-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b\u043c-\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0420\u043e\u0435\u043c \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0445\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437.&nbsp;<br><br>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445, \u0433\u0430\u0437 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f, \u0441\u0443\u0434\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u043c, \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c. \u0412\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0446\u0438\u044e, <strong>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d<\/strong>.&nbsp;<br><br>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438:<br>&#8212; \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 (\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443);<br>&#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0438;<br>&#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d;<br>&#8212; \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f.<br><br>\u0412 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0443\u0434\u044b. \u041c\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438\u043f\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0444\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435.&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/uCJUxEXhAFy8jWhjmV6OEjyqQmLIcuyM6v9C6jQ9H2aOP-t9otrrfEMsJ_ON2tyPa_VKQuZ5CG3eP136qEDKKbfNY0g0nXdJq2lud7K3xhTz8EmhjKRBGNkH3POfYwwyV7nCFKzMVigGhCDUfSPCm4MGxIH0gGpiOnPysxOgmG7APu6U7XUyUiJwNw\" alt=\"\" width=\"182\" height=\"300\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b&nbsp;<\/em> <em>\u0441 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c (1960-\u0435)&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\"><li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. <\/strong>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:&nbsp;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 (\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u2014 H<sub>2<\/sub>O) \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0422\u041e\u041b\u042c\u041a\u041e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0445 \u03c0-\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00bb \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u2014 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0435!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/14-7-1024x701.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11265\" width=\"512\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/14-7-1024x701.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/14-7-300x205.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/14-7-768x526.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/14-7-1536x1052.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/14-7-2048x1402.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 (\u0432 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0449\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u2014 H\u207a\/OH\u207b) \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432 \u0412\u0421\u0415\u0419 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u03c3-, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u03c0-). \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00bb \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u2014 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0431\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0449\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e CO<sub>2<\/sub> (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/15-6-1024x807.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11266\" width=\"512\" height=\"404\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/15-6-1024x807.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/15-6-300x236.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/15-6-768x605.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/15-6-1536x1210.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/15-6-2048x1613.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044f (\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0430).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/16-5-1-1024x201.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11267\" width=\"512\" height=\"101\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/16-5-1-1024x201.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/16-5-1-300x59.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/16-5-1-768x150.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/16-5-1-1536x301.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/16-5-1-2048x401.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\"><strong>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b_\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\">\u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0412 <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 <\/strong>\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0414\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/17-3-1-1024x148.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11268\" width=\"512\" height=\"74\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/17-3-1-1024x148.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/17-3-1-300x43.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/17-3-1-768x111.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/17-3-1-1536x222.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/17-3-1-2048x296.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041a\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/18-3-1-1024x248.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11269\" width=\"512\" height=\"124\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/18-3-1-1024x248.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/18-3-1-300x73.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/18-3-1-768x186.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/18-3-1.png 1398w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0413\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/19-2-1-1024x210.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11270\" width=\"512\" height=\"105\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/19-2-1-1024x210.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/19-2-1-300x61.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/19-2-1-768x157.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/19-2-1-1536x314.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/19-2-1.png 1632w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0412 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0414\u0435\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0413\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/20-2-1-1024x224.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11271\" width=\"512\" height=\"112\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/20-2-1-1024x224.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/20-2-1-300x66.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/20-2-1-768x168.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/20-2-1-1536x336.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/20-2-1.png 2028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u041c\u0435\u0436\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0414\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0417\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#e9e0f1\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0417\u0430\u0439\u0446\u0435\u0432\u0430<\/strong>: \u043e\u0442\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/21-2-1-1024x225.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11272\" width=\"512\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/21-2-1-1024x225.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/21-2-1-300x66.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/21-2-1-768x169.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/21-2-1-1536x337.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/21-2-1.png 1932w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0414\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/22-2-1-1024x179.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11273\" width=\"768\" height=\"134\" srcset=\"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/22-2-1-1024x179.png 1024w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/22-2-1-300x52.png 300w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/22-2-1-768x134.png 768w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/22-2-1-1536x268.png 1536w, \/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/22-2-1-2048x357.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435_\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0436\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0439, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u2014 <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/strong> \u0412\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438: <em>\u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0435\u0436\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0432\u0438 \u2014 <\/em>\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0413\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u0445\u043b\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0445\u043b\u043e\u0440\u044d\u0442\u0430\u043d \u2014 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a <strong>\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0442, \u0443\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0434, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0430\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0447\u0435\u043a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b <\/strong>\u2014 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438.<\/li><li>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 <strong>C<\/strong><strong><sub>n<\/sub><\/strong><strong>H<\/strong><strong><sub>2n<\/sub><\/strong>.<\/li><li>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432 <strong>\u0436\u0438\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/strong><\/li><li>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b <strong>\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 1.<\/strong><br>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C<sub>n<\/sub>H<sub>2n+2<\/sub><\/li><li>C<sub>n<\/sub>H<sub>2n<\/sub><\/li><li>C<sub>n<\/sub>H<sub>2n-2<\/sub><\/li><li>C<sub>n<\/sub>H<sub>n<\/sub><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 2.<\/strong><br>\u041f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/li><li>\u043f\u043e \u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 3.<\/strong><br>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0443\u043a\u0441\u0443\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/li><li>\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0430\u0437<\/li><li>\u044d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/li><li>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0442\u0430<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 4.<\/strong><br>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/li><li>\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/li><li>\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/li><li>\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b: 1.<\/strong> \u2014 2; <strong>2.<\/strong> \u2014 1; <strong>3.<\/strong> \u2014 3; <strong>4.<\/strong> \u2014 1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435&nbsp; \u041b\u0430\u0439\u0444\u0445\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432? \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c? \u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 CnH2n. \u0418\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0435, \u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20001,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[701,103],"class_list":["post-11247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-himiya","tag-alkeny","tag-himiya"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b - \u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ru_RU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b - \u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435&nbsp; \u041b\u0430\u0439\u0444\u0445\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432? \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c? \u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 CnH2n. \u0418\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0435, \u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-28T15:09:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-25T17:00:33+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1343\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"736\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"umschool\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"umschool\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\n\t    \"@context\": \"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\n\t    \"@graph\": [\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"Article\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/#article\",\n\t            \"isPartOf\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"author\": {\n\t                \"name\": \"umschool\",\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/279fc031eb415325d4fa22462381fbd6\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"headline\": \"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b\",\n\t            \"datePublished\": \"2022-12-28T15:09:20+00:00\",\n\t            \"dateModified\": \"2023-01-25T17:00:33+00:00\",\n\t            \"mainEntityOfPage\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"wordCount\": 1114,\n\t            \"commentCount\": 0,\n\t            \"publisher\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/#organization\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"image\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/#primaryimage\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"thumbnailUrl\": \"\\\/library\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg\",\n\t            \"keywords\": [\n\t                \"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b\",\n\t                \"\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\"\n\t            ],\n\t            \"articleSection\": [\n\t                \"\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\"\n\t            ],\n\t            \"inLanguage\": \"ru-RU\",\n\t            \"potentialAction\": [\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"CommentAction\",\n\t                    \"name\": \"Comment\",\n\t                    \"target\": [\n\t                        \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/#respond\"\n\t                    ]\n\t                }\n\t            ]\n\t        },\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"WebPage\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/\",\n\t            \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/\",\n\t            \"name\": \"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b - \u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\",\n\t            \"isPartOf\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/#website\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"primaryImageOfPage\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/#primaryimage\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"image\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/#primaryimage\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"thumbnailUrl\": \"\\\/library\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg\",\n\t            \"datePublished\": \"2022-12-28T15:09:20+00:00\",\n\t            \"dateModified\": \"2023-01-25T17:00:33+00:00\",\n\t            \"breadcrumb\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/#breadcrumb\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"inLanguage\": \"ru-RU\",\n\t            \"potentialAction\": [\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"ReadAction\",\n\t                    \"target\": [\n\t                        \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/\"\n\t                    ]\n\t                }\n\t            ]\n\t        },\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",\n\t            \"inLanguage\": \"ru-RU\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/#primaryimage\",\n\t            \"url\": \"\\\/library\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg\",\n\t            \"contentUrl\": \"\\\/library\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg\",\n\t            \"width\": 1343,\n\t            \"height\": 736\n\t        },\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/himiya\\\/alkeny\\\/#breadcrumb\",\n\t            \"itemListElement\": [\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n\t                    \"position\": 1,\n\t                    \"name\": \"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\",\n\t                    \"item\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/\"\n\t                },\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"ListItem\",\n\t                    \"position\": 2,\n\t                    \"name\": \"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b\"\n\t                }\n\t            ]\n\t        },\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"WebSite\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/#website\",\n\t            \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/\",\n\t            \"name\": \"\u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\",\n\t            \"description\": \"\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0412\u0423\u0417\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u0415\u0413\u042d \u0438 \u041e\u0413\u042d\",\n\t            \"publisher\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/#organization\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"potentialAction\": [\n\t                {\n\t                    \"@type\": \"SearchAction\",\n\t                    \"target\": {\n\t                        \"@type\": \"EntryPoint\",\n\t                        \"urlTemplate\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"\n\t                    },\n\t                    \"query-input\": {\n\t                        \"@type\": \"PropertyValueSpecification\",\n\t                        \"valueRequired\": true,\n\t                        \"valueName\": \"search_term_string\"\n\t                    }\n\t                }\n\t            ],\n\t            \"inLanguage\": \"ru-RU\"\n\t        },\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/#organization\",\n\t            \"name\": \"\u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\",\n\t            \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/\",\n\t            \"logo\": {\n\t                \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",\n\t                \"inLanguage\": \"ru-RU\",\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\n\t                \"url\": \"\\\/library\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/umlogo.svg\",\n\t                \"contentUrl\": \"\\\/library\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2021\\\/06\\\/umlogo.svg\",\n\t                \"width\": 191,\n\t                \"height\": 48,\n\t                \"caption\": \"\u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"image\": {\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"\n\t            }\n\t        },\n\t        {\n\t            \"@type\": \"Person\",\n\t            \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/279fc031eb415325d4fa22462381fbd6\",\n\t            \"name\": \"umschool\",\n\t            \"image\": {\n\t                \"@type\": \"ImageObject\",\n\t                \"inLanguage\": \"ru-RU\",\n\t                \"@id\": \"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8360de1e5c6968c838aa8f62f7fae7faec4111a33db284b5f8d4ce2022cb11?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\n\t                \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8360de1e5c6968c838aa8f62f7fae7faec4111a33db284b5f8d4ce2022cb11?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\n\t                \"contentUrl\": \"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/1e8360de1e5c6968c838aa8f62f7fae7faec4111a33db284b5f8d4ce2022cb11?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\n\t                \"caption\": \"umschool\"\n\t            },\n\t            \"sameAs\": [\n\t                \"http:\\\/\\\/umschool.frontendie.ru\"\n\t            ],\n\t            \"url\": \"https:\\\/\\\/umschool.net\\\/library\\\/author\\\/umschool\\\/\"\n\t        }\n\t    ]\n\t}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b - \u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/","og_locale":"ru_RU","og_type":"article","og_title":"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b - \u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a","og_description":"\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435&nbsp; \u041b\u0430\u0439\u0444\u0445\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432? \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c? \u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 CnH2n. \u0418\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0435, \u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/","og_site_name":"\u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a","article_published_time":"2022-12-28T15:09:20+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-01-25T17:00:33+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1343,"height":736,"url":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"umschool","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c":"umschool","\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f":"10 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/"},"author":{"name":"umschool","@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/#\/schema\/person\/279fc031eb415325d4fa22462381fbd6"},"headline":"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b","datePublished":"2022-12-28T15:09:20+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-25T17:00:33+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/"},"wordCount":1114,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg","keywords":["\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b","\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f"],"articleSection":["\u0425\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f"],"inLanguage":"ru-RU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/","url":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/","name":"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b - \u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg","datePublished":"2022-12-28T15:09:20+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-25T17:00:33+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ru-RU","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/#primaryimage","url":"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg","contentUrl":"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/snimok-ekrana-2022-12-28-180736.jpg","width":1343,"height":736},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/himiya\/alkeny\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430","item":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"\u0410\u043b\u043a\u0435\u043d\u044b"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/#website","url":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/","name":"\u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a","description":"\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0412\u0423\u0417\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0438\u0430\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u0415\u0413\u042d \u0438 \u041e\u0413\u042d","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ru-RU"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/#organization","name":"\u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a","url":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/umlogo.svg","contentUrl":"\/library\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/umlogo.svg","width":191,"height":48,"caption":"\u0423\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u043b \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/#\/schema\/person\/279fc031eb415325d4fa22462381fbd6","name":"umschool","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ru-RU","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8360de1e5c6968c838aa8f62f7fae7faec4111a33db284b5f8d4ce2022cb11?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8360de1e5c6968c838aa8f62f7fae7faec4111a33db284b5f8d4ce2022cb11?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1e8360de1e5c6968c838aa8f62f7fae7faec4111a33db284b5f8d4ce2022cb11?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"umschool"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/umschool.frontendie.ru"],"url":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/author\/umschool\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11247"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21030,"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11247\/revisions\/21030"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20001"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/umschool.net\/library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}